Amendment nine states that there are other rights that may exist aside from the ones explicitly mentioned.

Made by James Madison.

Explicit (fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated)

Ninth Amendment had been mentioned infrequently in decisions of the Supreme Court.

Delegates favored an authoritarian central government ; others retention of the state sovereignty ; and most occupied positions in the middle of the two extremes.

Madison was concerned that enumerating various rights could “enlarge the powers delegated by the constitution.

Exceptions here or elsewhere in the Constitution made in favor of particular rights.

New York is where Madison was serving in the Continental Congress

The nature of the political rights reserved to the people by the ninth and tenth amendments.

 

 

 

Ninth amendment does not confer substantive rights in addition to those conferred by other portions of our governing law.

It has been said, by way of objection to a bill of rights…. that in the Federal Government they are unnecessary.

Ninth Amendment has generally been regarded by the courts as negating any expansion of government power on account of the enumeration of rights in the Constitution.

Eight amendments address the means by which the federal government exercises its enumerating powers.